Continual Improvement of Scope 3 Emissions Data Gathering, Management, and Accounting Processes

First Gen continues to improve the data gathering, management, and accounting processes for applicable Scope 3 emissions across our operations. Following the 60 percent divestment of our natural gas facilities in Batangas, we introduced a new Scope 3 category for 2025 to reflect our remaining 40 percent investment under Category 15 (Investments). Table 1 presents the three-year historical profile of First Gen’s Scope 3 emissions.

TABLE 1: 2023–2025 SCOPE 3 EMISSIONS PER CATEGORY

As shown in Table 1, the increase in First Gen’s 2025 Scope 3 emissions is primarily due to the 40 percent non-operational investment stake in the Batangas natural gas facilities. Category 15 also includes the 100 percent transfer of ownership of Pi Energy from FPH to First Gen on May 16, 2025, which accounts for 0.2 percent of First Gen’s total Scope 3 emissions.

Energy Consumption

First Gen’s power generation relies on renewable resources and electricity purchased from the grid. As shown in Figure 4, total energy consumption in 2025 declined significantly by 95 percent, largely due to a 99.6 percent reduction in non-renewable energy consumption following the divestment of our natural gas facilities. Renewable energy consumption, on the other hand, increased as a result of higher water utilization and improved generation performance at both our hydro and geothermal facilities.

FIGURE 4: FIRST GEN OVERALL ENERGY CONSUMPTION (IN GJ)

Water and Wastewater Management: Choosing Responsible Water Management Beyond Consumption

At First Gen, water is more than an industrial input—it is a vital  resource for the communities we serve and the ecosystems we inhabit. Our commitment to responsible water management means treating every unit of water as a resource to be respected, not merely a volume to be managed. This philosophy is central to our renewable energy portfolio, where water serves as the primary fuel for our hydroelectric plants and plays a critical role across our geothermal operations.

Being a leader in clean energy demands an equal commitment to environmental stewardship. Rigorous monitoring protocols across every First Gen facility ensure that water withdrawal is always precise and purposeful. By strictly adhering to the extraction limits set by the National Water Resources Board (NWRB) and the Department of Environment and Natural Resources (DENR) for both groundwater and surface water, we prioritize regional water security.

For First Gen, responsible water management is a proactive commitment to ensure that our pursuit of energy today does not compromise water availability for future generations. This discipline extends to the domestic water requirements of our teams, which are managed with the same conservation-minded rigor applied across our operations.

TABLE 2: VOLUME OF WATER EXTRACTION, DISCHARGE, AND CONSUMPTION PER FIRST GEN PLATFORM (in ML)

FIGURE 5: FIRST GEN OVERALL WATER EXTRACTION AND DISCHARGE (IN MEGALITERS)

TABLE 3: 2025 SOURCES OF WATER EXTRACTION – FIRST GEN OVERALL AND PER PLATFORM

Table 3 shows that First Gen extracted a total of 3,482,239.56 ML of water in 2025. Surface water constituted the largest portion at 3,482,153.99 ML (99.9975 percent), with 99.8857 percent dedicated to hydropower generation. Municipal water supply contributed a minimal 8.42 ML (0.0002 percent), while fresh groundwater extraction totaled 77.15 ML—representing only 0.0022 percent of overall extraction.

First Gen’s hydroelectric plants recorded total water extraction of 3,477,127.85 ML in 2025, with surface water comprising the vast majority. Fresh groundwater consumption was minimal at 11.45 ML. The volume of surface water used at the Pantabangan, Masiway, and Casecnan facilities is governed by the National Irrigation Authority’s (NIA) irrigation release requirements. As shown in Table 2, extracted and discharged water volumes represent surface water that passed through First Gen’s turbines before being returned to the natural receiving body of water.

At the Agusan hydroelectric plant, a targeted water conservation program implemented in 2025 achieved a 13.15 percent reduction in water usage, bringing consumption down from 1,037 cubic meters in 2024 to 841 cubic meters in 2025, through water line improvements and leak repairs. The hydro platforms also executed active watershed management programs to ensure the long-term ecological health and reliability of the hydrological systems on which they depend.

EDC extracted a total of 5,098.10 ML across its geothermal facilities. Surface freshwater was the primary source at 5,026.14 ML (98.59 percent), followed by fresh groundwater at 65.7 ML (1.29 percent) and municipal water supply at 6.26 ML (0.12 percent). The decrease in surface water extraction reflects the minimal well-related activity following the completion of EDC’s drilling operations program. Our geothermal facilities in EDC consume less than 1 percent of the total available water in the watershed.

FIGURE 6: FIRST GEN OVERALL WATER CONSUMPTION (IN MEGALITERS)

The significant decrease in First Gen’s 2025 water consumption figures is directly attributable to the reduced activity in EDC’s geothermal drilling operations program—a key component of First Gen’s clean energy growth strategy.

First Gen is committed to responsible wastewater management, ensuring all wastewater undergoes thorough treatment before discharge. Effluent quality is monitored against the standards set by the DENR under Department Administrative Order (DAO) 2016-08, or the Water Quality Guidelines and General Effluent Standards of 2016, and the Philippine Clean Water Act of 2004. These robust water management practices, encompassing efficient consumption and thorough wastewater treatment, underscore First Gen’s dedication to minimizing the environmental impact of its operations.

TABLE 4: WATER MANAGEMENT OVERVIEW

TABLE 5: MANAGEMENT OF WATER RELATED IMPACTS

Biodiversity

For First Gen, ecosystem and biodiversity stewardship is not a passive obligation—it is a deliberate, ongoing commitment to go beyond sustainability toward active regeneration. By prioritizing the health of our natural ecosystems, we secure the long-term resilience of our operations and the communities that depend on these ecosystems.

OPERATIONAL SITES WITHIN OR CLOSE TO AREAS OF HIGH BIODIVERSITY VALUE AND SIGNIFICANT IMPACTS OF ACTIVITIES, PRODUCTS, AND SERVICES

First Gen operates sites within or near areas of high and rich biodiversity value, and these sites have undergone thorough technical and environmental impact assessments. All projects located within three kilometers of protected areas or proclaimed Ramsar Sites (protected wetlands)¹ also adhere to air and water quality standards, as well as DENR environmental permit conditions. Power plants within or adjacent to Key Biodiversity Areas (KBAs) are identified below.

The primary biodiversity impacts of our power plants are habitat conversion through civil works, and potential air and water quality effects during normal operations. All listed projects within or near KBAs maintained compliance with DENR environmental permits, with zero violations recorded in 2025. To mitigate impacts and improve habitat conditions, First Gen adheres to the watershed management plans of the KBAs in which our sites are located or adjacent to. A multipartite monitoring team—comprising DENR, local government units, and host community representatives—tracks project compliance with environmental permits. Third-party specialists conduct biodiversity monitoring regularly.

The Choice to Protect: BINHI and the Greening Legacy

In 2025, EDC reaffirmed its commitment to forest restoration by investing PHP34 million in the BINHI Program, our banner environmental program for biodiversity conservation. Since 2019, we have partnered with 88 forest communities to restore over 10,000 hectares of land nationwide—making BINHI the largest private sector-led reforestation effort in the country.

Our commitment to forest restoration is reflected in the production of 768,720 high-quality seedlings across six state-of-the-art nurseries equipped with automated mist irrigation to replicate natural growing conditions. A validation study across 54 sites confirmed a 99 percent survival rate for planted native trees—a result that speaks to both the rigor of our methodology and the strength of our community partnerships. Our network of safe havens for native species continues to expand, with 51 arboreta and 165 tree parks now established across the Philippines.

Preserving Habitats: Safeguarding Our Watersheds

First Gen manages 127,608 hectares of forest lands within our geothermal reservations in Bac-Man, Negros, Leyte, and Mt. Apo. In 2025, enhanced vigilance through 5,480 kilometers of patrols—conducted via foot and drone surveillance—led to the detection of 42 threats and the filing of eight legal cases against illegal activities, including timber poaching and charcoal making. Community-based fire brigades and proactive prevention measures resulted in zero forest fire incidents across our operational areas during the 2025 high-risk months. Restoration efforts included the maintenance of 100 hectares in the Bac-Man reservation and the transformation of logged-over land in Leyte into a 15-hectare carbon sink.

The Choice for Heritage: Mainstreaming Philippine Native Trees

Mainstreaming native trees is a commitment to addressing climate change while upholding cultural heritage and building resilient ecosystems. As the Philippines’ sole partner for the Global Tree Assessment (GTA), First Gen completed Red List assessments for 1,665 tree species in 2025—a finding that underscores a stark reality: nearly 70 percent of evaluated species are threatened with extinction.

In 2025, our teams rediscovered 39 of 49 target priority species across Ilocos Norte, Palawan, and Davao, with all confirmed mother trees geo-tagged for future sourcing. Four new propagation protocols were developed, including the first-ever scientific protocol for the rare Malinoag. Through the BINHI CommuniTree platform, over 1,700 participants have collectively planted 5,662 native trees—each one a contribution toward a decarbonized and regenerative future.

The Choice for Science-Based Stewardship and Monitoring: Biodiversity and Protected Species

First Gen recognizes that biodiversity conservation is both an environmental obligation and a strategic priority for the long-term viability of the ecosystems that support our operating assets. Because our project sites serve as vital habitats for diverse wildlife, our continued commitment to preservation demonstrates a fundamental belief: that through the power of good choices, we can maintain a balanced relationship between clean energy production and the natural environment. 

First Gen monitors and documents a wide range of faunal species using the International Union for Conservation of Nature Red List of Threatened Species, also known as the IUCN Red List or Red Data Book, covering birds, fish, reptiles, amphibians, and mammals. In 2025, First Gen–EDC documented at least 587 unique species of fauna across project sites, with 330 (56 percent) endemic to the Philippines. The table below shows the breakdown by site.

TABLE 7: IUCN RED LIST

Choosing Innovation: Bioindicators and Ecosystem Health

Since 2008, our Biodiversity Conservation and Monitoring Program (BCMP)—developed in partnership with the University of the Philippines Institute of Biology (UP-IB)—has transformed our sites into living laboratories for ecological research. In 2025, field validation surveys marked the transition from data collection to the development of structured biodiversity metrics.

By using faunal and floral communities as bioindicators, we are building a scoring system that calculates an index of ecosystem health across freshwater and terrestrial forest environments. Our goal is to advance this system as a national standard for ecosystem health monitoring across similar industries in the Philippines.

Summary of Our Natural Capital Performance, Impacts, and Plans